Analysis of a rare vintage map titled Marine Disasters of Martha's Vineyard has revealed over 70 significant shipwrecks spanning nearly a century. These findings show the dangerous nature of Vineyard waters from 1829 to 1921.
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Shipwrecks by Region
The historical map organizes shipwrecks by geographic regions around Martha's Vineyard. Each entry includes the vessel name, type, and year of disaster.
Vineyard Haven Harbor
- Schooner Abbie G. Hoover - 1897
- Schooner Abbie G. Cone - 1898
- Schooner Abby K. Bentley - 1898
- Schooner Abbie Savage - 1898
- Schooner Helen - 1888
- Schooner James F. Brown - 1898
- Schooner Marion Draper - 1898
- Schooner Mary C. Elizabeth - 1898
- Schooner Mary & Oliver - 1897
- Schooner Christina Moore - 1898
- Schooner Charles C. Raymond - 1898
- Schooner Richmond - 1857
- Schooner S. G. Willard - 1898
- Schooner Savali Sewell - 1859
- Schooner Nellie H. Stade - 1898
- Schooner Harriet - 1898
- Schooner J. Hamilton - 1898
- Schooner Augusta - 1898
- Schooner E. G. Willard - 1898
- Schooner Sarah E. Herring - 1898
- Schooner Heetor - 1898
- Bark Fusion Story - 1857
- Bark Warren Hallet - 1856
- Bark Abbie Savage - 1898
- Brig Ronnie Hill - 1884
West and South Coast (Atlantic Ocean)
- Schooner City of Columbus - 1884
- Schooner R. S. Dean - 1909
- Schooner Arnolda Orland - 1898
- Schooner Herman Winter - 1894
- Schooner Connecticut - 1848
- Schooner Wamsutta - 1864
- Schooner Olive May - 1910
- Schooner Beulah - 1921
- Schooner Maggie R. - 1906
- Schooner Old Dominion - 1908
- Schooner Prospect - 1859
- Schooner Queen Esther - 1898
- Schooner Vivian - 1898
- Schooner Friendship - 1850
- Schooner Portugal - 1915
- Schooner Pauline's Fancy - 1866
- Schooner Mary Lamberton - 1886
East Coast / Nantucket Sound
- Bark Ellen Maria - 1850
- Bark Roanoke - 1858
- Bark Naomi Bruce - 1829
- Schooner Sarah Lewis - 1853
- Schooner Waldo - 1856
- Bark Reliance - 1904
- Bark Roscoe - 1852
- Bark Claud Seward - 1910
- Schooner Mustache - 1868
- Schooner Richardson - (partial date)
- Schooner Concert - 1860
- Schooner Silver Bell - 1856
- Schooner Empire - 1856
- Schooner Thatcher Fanton - 1882
- Schooner Flora - 1866
Cape Poge / Edgartown Area
- Schooner G. W. Rawley - 1898
- Schooner Mildred - 1914
- Schooner Theda - 1905
- Schooner Willow - 1854
- Schooner Fen Fisher - 1858
- Schooner Christiana - 1865
Northern Sound Area
- Schooner Flying Dutchman - 1908
- Schooner Margie L. - 1888
- Schooner James S. Steele - 1899
- Schooner Sagamore - 1907
- Schooner Fancy - 1913
Chilmark / South Shore
- Schooner Beulah - 1921
- Schooner Pauline's Fancy - 1866
- Schooner Adelaide - 1886
- Schooner Basil - 1915
- Schooner Portugal - 1915
Maritime Hazard Analysis
The concentration of shipwrecks reveals several key danger zones around Martha's Vineyard:
Most Dangerous Years
1898 stands out as the year with the highest number of recorded shipwrecks, with over 30 vessels lost. This may reflect improved record-keeping or particularly hazardous conditions during that period.
Vessel Types
Schooners represent the vast majority of wrecks (over 80%), reflecting their common use in coastal trade during this era. Bark and brig vessels make up most of the remainder.
Seasonal Patterns
Many wrecks occurred during winter months when storms were most severe and visibility was poorest. The combination of rough seas, fog, and inadequate weather forecasting made navigation extremely dangerous.
Most Notable Disasters
City of Columbus (1884)
The wreck of the SS City of Columbus remains one of Martha's Vineyard's worst maritime disasters, claiming over 100 lives when it struck Devil's Bridge reef. This tragedy led to significant improvements in navigational aids and maritime safety protocols.
Multiple Vessels Named Beulah
Interestingly, two different schooners named Beulah were lost in the same year (1921), one off the west coast and another in the Chilmark area, highlighting the persistent dangers in Vineyard waters.
Pauline's Fancy (1866)
This schooner appears in both the West Coast and Chilmark listings, suggesting either multiple vessels with the same name or possible confusion in record-keeping.
Historical Significance
These shipwrecks occurred during a critical period in maritime history when sailing vessels were transitioning to steam power. The predominance of schooners reflects the importance of coastal trade routes that passed by Martha's Vineyard.
The concentration of wrecks in 1898 coincides with increased maritime traffic and the continued reliance on visual navigation methods. Many vessels were caught unprepared for sudden weather changes or navigational errors in poorly charted waters.
Each wreck contributed to improvements in maritime safety, from better lighthouse placement to enhanced rescue capabilities. The establishment of Life-Saving Service stations around the island was directly influenced by these tragic losses.
Today, many of these wreck sites are popular among recreational divers and marine archaeologists. The lessons learned from these disasters continue to influence modern maritime safety practices in the waters around Martha's Vineyard.
Advanced navigation technology has dramatically reduced shipwrecks in the area, but the historical record serves as a reminder of the power of the sea and the importance of respect for maritime conditions.
Conclusion
The vintage Marine Disasters map provides a fascinating glimpse into the perilous nature of Martha's Vineyard waters over more than a century. With over 70 documented wrecks, the island's surrounding waters truly earned their reputation as a maritime graveyard.
These historical records not only preserve the memory of those lost at sea but also document the evolution of maritime safety and navigation. Each wreck represents both a human tragedy and a lesson that helped make modern sailing safer for future generations.
